Engineering the Heim-Dr?¶scher-H?¤user Drive
written by Alan Folmsbee, MSEE
The paper by Dr?¶scher and H?¤user gives some details for building the drive, but
they leave out some sizes. Those missing details will now be calculated. Also,
practical engineering considerations will be explained.
The inventors describe the following:
The electromagnet uses wires with 1 square mm cross section carrying 100 amperes
of current. The coil has a million turns of the wire. This produces a magnetic flux
density (B) of 20 Tesla. The propulsion is then 10 million pounds of thrust.
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Find the size of the electromagnet :
1 million wires x 1 sq mm per wire = 1 square meter of wires
Total current = 100 amp per wire x 1 million wires = 10^8 amps
B = 20 Tesla = uni/(2r) = 20 T (magnetic flux density)
u = 4 pi x (10 ^ -7) henry/meter
n = 10^6 turns of wire in the electromagnet
i = 100 amps
r = radius of electromagnet so 2r is length
Find r the radius of the toroid shaped electromagnet.
r = uni/(2 pi x 20 T)
r = 4 pi x 10^-7 x 10^6 x 10^2 / ( 2 x 20)
r = pi meters = 3.14 meters
width of electromagnet = 1 + 3.14 + 1 = 5.14 meters across the apparatus
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Estimate how much the magnet weighs, if made of copper wires.
The torus has a donut shape 5.14 meters across. In the next
cross-sectional diagram
C is Copper
A is Air
CCCCAAAAAAAAAAAACCCC
CCCCAAAAAAAAAAAACCCC
CCCCAAAAAAAAAAAACCCC
The diameter from the left center to right center is 4.14 meters
The central circumference is (pi x 4.14) = 13 meters
The volume is 13 cubic meters.
Copper's density is 9 grams per cubic centimeter or 9000 kg per cubic meter
mass = m = 13 x 9000 = 117,000 kg (128 English tons on Earth)
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Estimate the electrical resistance of the copper wire carring 100 amps.
The length of wire for 1 turn = 13 meters = L
resisitivity (p) of copper
p = 1.7 x 10^-8 ohm meter
R = p L/A
A = 10^-6 sq meters
R = 0.017 * 13 = 0.22 ohms
voltage drop in one wire V=iR = 22.00 volts
power = Vi = 22.00 x 100 = 2200.00 watts per wire turn
power = 0.0022 megawatts
power for a million copper wires = 2.20 Gigawatts
power for superconductor wire substitute : 0 watts
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Heating due to 2.20 Gigawatts in 128 tons of copper
H = heat capacity = .385 J / (gram x degree C)
dT = temperature change
m = mass
H = E/(m x dT)
E = energy = Joules = watt seconds
mass m = grams = 117,000 kg x 1000 g/kg = 1.2 x 10^8 grams
in one second 2.20 Gigajoules of energy are used
temperature change = dT = E/mH
dT = 2.2 x 10^9 Joules / (1.2 x 10^8 grams x .385J / (gram x degree C))
dT = (2.2/(.385 x 1.2)) x 10 ^(9-8) = 47.60 degrees
The temperature increases by 47.60 degrees per second using copper.
Using superconductors, the temperature remains as it started. However,
the cryogenic cooling of the superconductors would require extra
spaces between the wires. That would make the magnet bigger than
planned.
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Book Report, written by Alan Folmsbee, MSEE
"GUIDELINES FOR A SPACE PROPULSION DEVICE BASED ON HEIM'S QUANTUM THEORY"
by Walter Dr?¶scher, Jochem H?¤user
Summary
HEIM QUANTUM THEORY (HQT) is an extension of Einstein's
General Relativity, using Einstein's 4 dimensional non-quantized
field equations as a template in a quantized 12 dimensional space.
The 12 Dimensional Heim space comprises five semantic units, namely,
3 subspace dimensions (x, y, z)
1 time dimension
2 organizational dimensions
2 informational dimensions
4 steering dimensions
The authors are the successors to the late Burkhard Heim. They quantize
everything with a geometric basis that constructs elementary particles, like electrons,
using about 10^41 pieces called metrons. Instead of the
4 basic forces, HQT uses 6 forces. The fifth force is a new "gravity-like" force. It is not
gravity that the magnets of the propulsion system create, but it is the gravity-like force
that propels the spacecraft.
About the sixth force, the authors say, "The acceleration of the cosmic expansion is explained
qualitatively, since it turns out that the postulated sixth fundamental force
(interpreted as quintessence) and represented by the postulated vacuum particle,
is of repulsive nature."
Details of the Apparatus for the Propulsion Device
The experimental apparatus is drawn in Figure 1 of the paper.
http://www.hpcc-space.de/publications/d ... letter.pdf
Figure 1 shows two rings. The bottom ring is an electromagnet. The top
ring is an insulating material that contains hydrogen to generate
a gravity-like force. To go into "parallel space" a different material
would replace hydrogen. The authors do not say what that material is.
The top ring is rotating counter-clockwise so the speed of points on
the ring are going 1 km per second. That is about mach 3. The
acceleration due to the spinning is v^2/r = 390,000 meters/sec^2.
That is about 39,000 g acceleration for the insulating ring holding the
hydrogen. The force, due to spinning, on every 1 pound section of the
ring is 39,000 pounds. The mass of this torus was
estimated by the authors to be from 100 kg to 2000 kg. Its thickness
is 5 cm.
The best candidate for the insulating ring may be a tubular, single
crystal diamond torus, 15 feet across. Some calculations were done,
and it is estimated that diamond will not break due to its tensile strength.
Also, quartz is estimated to break due to its lower tensile strength.
How do they get something for nothing? They get vast propulsion with tiny fuel.
They say the energy created is zero because a positive and a negative gravitophoton
are both created, cancelling out each other's cost. But only one of those
particles interacts with matter, so propulsion occurs in one direction without
being counteracted by the other particle. This is reactionless thrust.
"Photons are converted into negative and positive gravitophotons.
Negative gravitophotons are absorbed by protons and neutrons, while
positive gravitophotons do not interact, thus resulting in a measurable force."
"A spacecraft of 100,000 kg with
a rotating ring of 10^3 kg needs to have a constant
acceleration of 1g, a magnetic induction
of some 13 T is needed together with a current
density of 100 A/mm2 and a coil of 4?—10^5 turns
for a value N wgpe=4.4?—10??’5 . The resulting
force would be 10^6 N. Thus a launch of such a
spacecraft from the surface of the earth seems to
be technically feasible."
You can build a small version of the apparatus for a cost of about $20.
Your small version would be non-functional, even though it would have
all the right pieces. Your model would not have enough magnetic
flux density and it would not spin at 1 km per second. Here is
another reason why a small version will not work: "The value for
the onset of conversion of photons into gravitophotons is called A."
Read the paper about A.
"The variable A denotes the strength of the shielding potential
caused by virtual electrons"
"HQT enables the conversion of electromagnetic radiation into a
gravitational like field, represented by the two
hypothetical gravitophoton (negative and positive
energies) particles. The gravitophoton interaction
is discussed in Chaps. [2, 3.1]. Quintessence
(dark energy) is briefly discussed in Chap. [4].
The interpretation of the physical equations for
the gravitophoton field leads to the conclusion
that this field could be used to both accelerate a
material body and to cause a transition of a material
body into some kind of parallel space, possibly allowing superluminal speed."
"The third condition is, according to Eq. (33), to
make the photon potential vanish, i.e., to trigger
the conversion of a photon into negative and
positive gravitophotons, which requires that A
takes on a value ?? that is...where the value of ?? depends on the velocities
of the charges in the coil and the rotating torus.
The r distance from nucleus to virtual electron in
torus, see Fig.(1). ...sets a condition
for the photon potential to disappear and the
gravitophoton potential to appear that is, for the
onset of the conversion of photons into gravitophotons.
Once this happened, the value of A can
be increased further, giving rise to an efficient
and effective gravitophoton potential for field
propulsion."
In other words, r is the radius of the magnetic ring
"It is important that the material of the rotating ring is an insulator to
avoid eddy currents. For the acceleration phase, the torus should
contain hydrogen atoms. For transition into parallel space another
material should be used."
Conclusion
The magnet does not create gravity. It creates a different force
which is like gravity in its ability to accelerate masses made
from protons and neutrons.
Your wish is my command line.
It is not meaningless at all! It is, in fact, very entertaining to know where some of my tax dollars are going. Plus you have now freed me to speculate on many of the other possible "studies" going on in the bowels of NASA et al. For example, now I have circumstantial proof that my claim of a secret Air Force study on the Propulsive Power of Exploding Tomato may actually be taking place... 