Favorite Celestia Views (a cel://URL Repository)

All about writing scripts for Celestia in Lua and the .cel system
Topic author
don
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Some Transits and Occultations

Post #21by don » 18.06.2004, 21:25

Some Transits and Occultations
Originally posted in the User's forum (http://shatters.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5232).
The original thread also includes some scripts that display all of the URLs.

From: Hoover
Date: June 16, 2004


I'm new to the forum but I've been playing with Celestia 1.3.1 for a few months.
I had been encountering various Transits on the web and in this forum and
have made a collection of the cel:'s that I've found. I also added a few of my own.

I've added the second 2003 Transit of Mercury from the viewpoint that we may
have seen it through telescopes. Also the 2004 and 2012 Transits of Venus.

I must admit I'm rather a novice at having constructed these. I wish I was able
to say from what point on Earth these transits were being viewed from but I don't
know how to control that. What might be intersting is a small tutorial on just
how to construct various transits. I notice that some use a Follow and some
use a SyncOrbit. I'm sure each has its merits but I don't know enough to say what.

I'll admit what I did is that once I got the 2003 Transit of Mercury looking right,
I just zoomed the clock up to 2004 and 2012, centered the Sun and then captured
the url! Not very scientific but they look cool and its fun.

What I'd also like to add to the collection is a transit of Earth from the viewpoint
of Mars.

Also I'd like to note that I didn't keep track of the authors of these other transits.
If anyone wants to take credit, chime in!

9 BC Mars Transits Saturn
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth/-009-01-30T15:07:38.65?x=b6U30VXODE2vDA&y=fmT5gsP5eAc&z=yv0M7f8XF8X5/////////w&ow=0.510458&ox=0.167526&oy=0.838680&oz=-0.089354&track=Sol:Saturn&select=Sol:Mars&fov=0.020198&ts=0.001000&rf=71559&lm=0

1170 Mars Transits Jupiter
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth/1170-09-12T20:18:14.32?x=yvoT/aLCsVbNDA&y=mn+PmotGnwE&z=pPpga7ZVuOD9/////////w&ow=0.997626&ox=0.005229&oy=0.068036&oz=0.009262&track=Sol:Jupiter&select=Sol:Mars&fov=0.028421&ts=0.010000&rf=71559&lm=0

1613 Jupiter Occults Neptune
cel://Follow/Sol:Earth/1613-01-03T16:47:52.70?x=1HuwloUFFZy4DA&y=ff5enH24OwM&z=drVFTFeLAE/x/////////w&ow=0.676576&ox=-0.182222&oy=-0.695147&oz=-0.160660&track=Sol:Jupiter&select=Sol:Neptune&fov=0.014354&ts=0.001000&rf=71559&lm=0

1737 Venus Occults Murcury
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth/1737-05-28T21:42:04.61?x=6CR103orJHu4DA&y=kIx1jVEUx/3//////////w&z=GJpyMN1Q5ioP&ow=0.996660&ox=-0.021131&oy=-0.026240&oz=-0.074396&track=Sol:Venus&select=Sol:Venus&fov=0.062038&ts=-0.000010&rf=6031&lm=20

1818 Venus Transits Jupiter
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth/1818-01-03T21:42:05.68?x=UUXQPiiUQ4C5DA&y=uN98qAKcqwE&z=QfOhSwYJLQjx/////////w&ow=-0.007477&ox=-0.075911&oy=0.997082&oz=-0.002889&track=Sol:Jupiter&select=Sol:Venus&fov=0.031334&ts=0.000000&rf=6095&lm=0

2003 Transit of Mercury
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth/2003-05-07T07:41:24.33324?x=KN6nhSrCOqiyDA&y=vhDgDu+JIA&z=n5IfaCAQ6IcL&ow=-0.384841&ox=-0.338569&oy=-0.154236&oz=0.844677&track=Sol&select=Sol&fov=0.585285&ts=0.000000&rf=771&lm=2

cel://Follow/Sol:Earth/2003-05-07T06:56:28.79538?x=aIONQXfW/6WyDA&y=ljE5m0PIAw&z=p/Zac0dIaIYL&ow=0.928076&ox=0.000104&oy=0.372390&oz=-0.000255&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-382

2004 Transit of Venus
cel://Follow/Sol:Earth/2004-06-08T05:20:19.64132?x=UFxMRnP33j+6DA&y=C3gx0VJsDQ&z=kFvMO7BESKwP&ow=0.994234&ox=0.000038&oy=0.107231&oz=-0.000294&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-382

2012 Transit of Venus
cel://Follow/Sol:Earth/2012-06-06T04:02:55.76576?x=UNy8F3Xk4LO5DA&y=ztcEva7nGw&z=8cWct1Ij34kP&ow=0.991973&ox=0.000051&oy=0.126450&oz=-0.000291&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-382

Future Transits of Mars
cel://Follow/Sol:Earth/2223-12-02T12:21:32.53308?x=oBs0Xv1x9+jDDA&y=02YPR0JiI/7//////////w&z=VWJhTmStILbx/////////w&ow=0.541795&ox=-0.003295&oy=0.840378&oz=0.014603&select=Sol:Mars&fov=0.016192&ts=1.000000
cel://Follow/Sol:Earth/2478-08-29T23:07:53.07643?x=ECQU6KdTwpfLDA&y=PT/eYDhp1AE&z=rd7qQL9uP9YH&ow=0.809539&ox=-0.021190&oy=-0.586496&oz=-0.014844&select=Sol:Mars&fov=0.009467&ts=1.000000

cel://Follow/Sol:Earth/2959-03-09T17:28:29.50295?x=QI5qiFNWhHGvDA&y=aoH4i3Colv3//////////w&z=BVlsKCaDpYL5/////////w&ow=0.572893&ox=0.006895&oy=0.819587&oz=0.004883&select=Sol:Mars&fov=0.009941&ts=1.000000


2065 Venus Occults Ganymede
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol:Jupiter:Ganymede/2065-11-22T11:21:03.33249?x=LD7s54Lz3oXFDA&y=1F7DOr1Xd////////////w&z=sF56SUq4q4Ly/////////w&ow=-0.325892&ox=0.009090&oy=0.945352&oz=-0.004667&select=Sol:Jupiter:Ganymede&fov=0.005199&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-506

2065 Venus Transits Jupiter
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol:Jupiter/2065-11-22T12:37:04.08695?x=cOkQ9A+tooLFDA&y=1g9HbVdNd////////////w&z=C3f7KOsN1oDy/////////w&ow=-0.325345&ox=0.009132&oy=0.945540&oz=-0.004669&select=Sol:Jupiter&fov=0.013794&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-506

2065 Venus/Jupiter Activity with Venus Centered
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol:Venus/2065-11-22T11:13:54.01919?x=JE5cskPlLIbFDA&y=h4Ovj4pZd////////////w&z=vPkUPY3714Ly/////////w&ow=-0.325953&ox=0.009118&oy=0.945331&oz=-0.004650&select=Sol:Venus&fov=0.005732&ts=100.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-506


Some "fixed" Sun-centered views:

1984 Earth Transit from Mars
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Mars/Sol/1984-05-11T12:03:43.27213?x=EOLaCRdz8FOuDA&y=1bDhHQCCfvr//////////w&z=3qPzHLlwXAoT&ow=0.921309&ox=-0.071468&oy=0.324892&oz=0.201311&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36819&lm=-378

2003 Transit of Mercury
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol/2003-05-07T06:56:47.51497?x=+N0vrwiRAqayDA&y=AfpBXELIAw&z=shaECt/2aoYL&ow=0.928094&ox=0.000104&oy=0.372345&oz=-0.000255&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-382

2004 Transit of Venus
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol/2004-06-08T05:20:35.67627?x=KEtINpAk4j+6DA&y=Uy9X7FZsDQ&z=vEuqvX/8SKwP&ow=0.994234&ox=0.000038&oy=0.107229&oz=-0.000294&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-382

2012 Transit of Venus
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol/2012-06-05T22:02:47.10469?x=sDddjGiWT6O5DA&y=VF6bDBepGw&z=0FNckOXDdoUP&ow=0.991936&ox=0.000160&oy=0.126737&oz=-0.001151&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-382

2084 Earth Transit from Mars
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Mars/Sol/2084-11-10T07:02:58.07563?x=ZIBW6LjMCknNDA&y=ZnN8R2cuavr//////////w&z=sSX7KzvOZOHu/////////w&ow=-0.361327&ox=0.016126&oy=0.932282&oz=0.005745&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36819&lm=-378

Lest I forget, there is a Transit of Mercury coming on November 8th, 2006:
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol/2006-11-08T19:18:12.31488?x=iOvmlfS1KITIDA&y=tHSrJQIiEw&z=Gviufi8rtLX0/////////w&ow=-0.371001&ox=-0.105384&oy=0.921659&oz=-0.042399&select=Sol&fov=0.678392&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36755&lm=-510

2020 Jupiter and Saturn about 1.5 arcminutes apart
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol:Jupiter/2020-12-21T18:14:43.15429?x=AcNzHH65Gqe9DA&y=ywS9nBED0v///////////w&z=RbGeX9V5jnTw/////////w&ow=0.260508&ox=-0.006304&oy=0.965435&oz=0.005590&select=Sol:Jupiter&fov=0.159388&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=40851&lm=-512

1972 Moon Occults the Pleiades
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Pleiades/1972-03-20T03:14:35.22474?x=wHe9il/wMe2tDA&y=sdMHq5VF/P///////////w&z=fcfAUXtVlA&ow=0.965101&ox=-0.037095&oy=0.259238&oz=0.000658&select=Pleiades&fov=3.126083&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=57235&lm=-512

1984 Earth/Moon Transit from Mars
cel://Follow/Sol:Mars/1984-05-11T11:11:09.81871?x=fKGWcpL+HFKuDA&y=Kj/ui1iIrPr//////////w&z=bUdzSiR4/ggT&ow=0.942851&ox=-0.006096&oy=0.332776&oz=0.015994&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36819&lm=-378

2084 Earth/Moon Transit from Mars
cel://Follow/Sol:Mars/2084-11-10T07:02:46.16123?x=SOIXTHwzDEnNDA&y=sXzbXYEdavr//////////w&z=af/6dbJSZuHu/////////w&ow=-0.360746&ox=0.016123&oy=0.932507&oz=0.005754&select=Sol&fov=1.410327&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=36819&lm=-378
Last edited by don on 19.06.2004, 00:34, edited 1 time in total.
-Don G.
My Celestia Scripting Resources page

Avatar: Total Lunar Eclipse from our back yard, Oct 2004. Panasonic FZ1 digital camera (no telescope), 36X digital zoom, 8 second exposure at f6.5.

Topic author
don
Posts: 1709
Joined: 12.07.2003
With us: 20 years 11 months
Location: Colorado, USA (7000 ft)

Post #22by don » 18.06.2004, 21:50

-Don G.

My Celestia Scripting Resources page



Avatar: Total Lunar Eclipse from our back yard, Oct 2004. Panasonic FZ1 digital camera (no telescope), 36X digital zoom, 8 second exposure at f6.5.

Harry
Posts: 559
Joined: 05.09.2003
With us: 20 years 9 months
Location: Germany

Post #23by Harry » 20.06.2004, 23:20

I've created a webpage with the URLs, with nice screenshots and links to Celestia. Take a look:

http://www.h-schmidt.net/celestia/celurls/

I hope I got all the URLs, descriptions and credits right. Some screenshots look dull because I hadn't all the addons installed. And I hadn't yet the chance to test the page with IE...

However I don't think this has much to do with scripting, so "Celestia Scripting" seems to be the wrong forum - but what would be the right one? :roll:

Have fun!

Harald

ANDREA
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Post #24by ANDREA » 21.06.2004, 08:11

Harry wrote:I've created a webpage with the URLs, with nice screenshots and links to Celestia. Take a look:
http://www.h-schmidt.net/celestia/celurls/
I hope I got all the URLs, descriptions and credits right. Some screenshots look dull because I hadn't all the addons installed. And I hadn't yet the chance to test the page with IE... However I don't think this has much to do with scripting, so "Celestia Scripting" seems to be the wrong forum - but what would be the right one? :roll: Have fun! Harald

Nice, Harald, thank you. :wink:

Andrea :D
"Something is always better than nothing!"
HP Omen 15-DC1040nl- Intel® Core i7 9750H, 2.6/4.5 GHz- 1TB PCIe NVMe M.2 SSD+ 1TB SATA 6 SSD- 32GB SDRAM DDR4 2666 MHz- Nvidia GeForce GTX 1660 Ti 6 GB-WIN 11 PRO

Topic author
don
Posts: 1709
Joined: 12.07.2003
With us: 20 years 11 months
Location: Colorado, USA (7000 ft)

Post #25by don » 21.06.2004, 17:19

Howdy Harald,

Harry wrote:I've created a webpage with the URLs,
I get a server cannot be found error (10:50 am MDT / ~6:50 pm Europe).


Harry wrote:However I don't think this has much to do with scripting, so "Celestia Scripting" seems to be the wrong forum - but what would be the right one? :roll:

I had started this thread in the Users forum, but Chris moved it to here and made it sticky. Maybe because there is actually some room for sticky's in this forum?

Cheers,
-Don G.

My Celestia Scripting Resources page



Avatar: Total Lunar Eclipse from our back yard, Oct 2004. Panasonic FZ1 digital camera (no telescope), 36X digital zoom, 8 second exposure at f6.5.

Topic author
don
Posts: 1709
Joined: 12.07.2003
With us: 20 years 11 months
Location: Colorado, USA (7000 ft)

Post #26by don » 21.06.2004, 17:27

It's up now - 11:01 am.

WOW! 8O

Very nice page Harald! :D

Works fine in WinXP / IE 6.

Thank you Harald.
-Don G.

My Celestia Scripting Resources page



Avatar: Total Lunar Eclipse from our back yard, Oct 2004. Panasonic FZ1 digital camera (no telescope), 36X digital zoom, 8 second exposure at f6.5.


Topic author
don
Posts: 1709
Joined: 12.07.2003
With us: 20 years 11 months
Location: Colorado, USA (7000 ft)

Post #28by don » 22.06.2004, 04:22

Nice views backman! Thanks for sharing them. :D
-Don G.

My Celestia Scripting Resources page



Avatar: Total Lunar Eclipse from our back yard, Oct 2004. Panasonic FZ1 digital camera (no telescope), 36X digital zoom, 8 second exposure at f6.5.


backman
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Location: Madrid, Spain

Post #30by backman » 22.06.2004, 21:44

I?ll edit this post when I get new CELs, so stay alert and keep an eye on it!

Now, from Hubble (requires M31 addon):
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth:Hubble/2004-06-22T21:09:31.07769?x=WBc4tGqp4SW+DA&y=zAlUqhCm+////////////w&z=5zdx6f0yQA4Q&ow=0.745714&ox=-0.104754&oy=0.548377&oz=-0.363620&select=Sol:Earth:Hubble&fov=1.029968&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=40855&lm=20

MIR & Moon (2000):
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth:Mir/2000-01-23T00:00:18.05579?x=H3w35UVgCF21DA&y=Av9Xc5fACw&z=PHWYHcnIo9ny/////////w&ow=0.801392&ox=-0.209040&oy=-0.430773&oz=-0.358478&select=Sol:Earth:Moon&fov=0.697129&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=57239&lm=66

Earth passing through M16 (requires M16 addon):
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth/2004-06-23T13:51:59.50147?x=AHijjRmtiRy+DA&y=uYNZ7vbOA4j//////////w&z=VaoDSJQ8XUAN&ow=0.044698&ox=-0.067478&oy=0.993513&oz=-0.079883&select=Sol:Earth&fov=0.216156&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=40855&lm=4

Solar eclipse in 2005 (better effects if you turn off spec-map -cntrl+V-):
cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Earth/Sol/2005-04-08T20:37:32.24650?x=APqZ4ONORMWuDA&y=Zw97VW5y5f///////////w&z=1UbBLxgk2yMF&ow=-0.565038&ox=-0.146318&oy=0.804673&oz=-0.108739&select=Sol:Earth:Moon&fov=1.081466&ts=1.000000<d=0&rf=40855&lm=0

Moon is smaller than South America:
cel://SyncOrbit/Sol:Earth:Moon/2004-06-23T19:52:23.20382?x=AOicwARwlze2DA&y=imSkufChqL4&z=VSo73QKKBu8M&ow=0.495625&ox=0.465872&oy=0.678296&oz=-0.277908&select=Sol:Earth&fov=0.004361&ts=0.000000<d=0&rf=40839&lm=0

Phobos & Deimos:
cel://Follow/Sol:Mars:Deimos/2004-06-24T02:31:18.55905?x=QMNetgX+cbSqDA&y=SmrTTc5pido&z=dacj9bbZxfPt/////////w&ow=0.461582&ox=0.293397&oy=0.831094&oz=0.100707&select=Sol:Mars:Deimos&fov=0.015508&ts=0.000000<d=0&rf=40855&lm=18

Eros and Earth face off (2005):
cel://Follow/Sol:Eros/2005-03-08T20:12:05.97632?x=QLvaeo0g7l6qDA&y=KiYuyeMfkff8/////////w&z=NZliUJKkTdT//////////w&ow=0.813600&ox=-0.418729&oy=0.255436&oz=0.312207&select=Sol:Eros&fov=0.043204&ts=0.000000<d=0&rf=57239&lm=0

Enjoy
PentiumIV 2,8 GHZ, 1G RAM. ATI RADEON 9600XT.



Greetings from Madrid, Spain

Hoover
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With us: 20 years

Post #31by Hoover » 10.07.2004, 15:18


MacLover

cel:// URLs on a Mac?

Post #32by MacLover » 18.09.2004, 19:34

Man, I wish I could view those cel:// URLs... but I have a Mac. Does anyone know if you can enable a Mac to recognize URLs that begin with cel:// :?:

Celestia (surprisingly) runs seamlessly on my PowerMac G4. I gotta try this baby out on my parents' G5! :lol:

Topic author
don
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Joined: 12.07.2003
With us: 20 years 11 months
Location: Colorado, USA (7000 ft)

Post #33by don » 19.09.2004, 18:02

Very cool! :D
-Don G.

My Celestia Scripting Resources page



Avatar: Total Lunar Eclipse from our back yard, Oct 2004. Panasonic FZ1 digital camera (no telescope), 36X digital zoom, 8 second exposure at f6.5.

DaveMc
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Post #34by DaveMc » 21.09.2004, 17:15

Thought I'd chip it here with one of my favorites - Olympus Mons from the Martian surface (close anyway) with the Sun, Earth, Mercury, Venus, and Phobos in the background. Of course you'll need Jestr's awesome OlyMons addon for this. It also helps to have ambient light cranked up a little.

cel://Follow/Sol:Mars:Olympus%20Mons/2004-09-19T15:39:21.23933?x=J/52ZSEdmpmjDA&y=qmW2zQh0wrA&z=/+N1g8pEF579/////////w&ow=0.519313&ox=-0.341094&oy=0.560440&oz=0.547610&select=Sol:Mars:Olympus%20Mons&fov=34.815670&ts=0.000000<d=0&rf=40855&lm=49158

Dave

hank
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Post #35by hank » 07.11.2004, 23:53

MacLover,

Sorry I didn't see your post earlier. If you have Celestia running on your Mac you should be able to just drag a "cel:" url link out of your browser window and drop it onto your Celestia main window, and Celestia will go to the time and place specified in the url. You can also use cut and paste, but drag and drop is generally easier. Not as easy as a single click, but not that much trouble, really.

- Hank

Frank Hunter

URL's not working on Mac

Post #36by Frank Hunter » 05.01.2005, 03:13

I am using a G5 iMac and if Celestia is running I just click on the URL and it's there. However, Celestia will start with a URL but immediately quits. Did you save the URL's as an HTML doc?

TERRIER
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Post #37by TERRIER » 07.03.2005, 15:13

This is one of my favourite Celestia moments - The 1979 fly-by of Saturn by Pioneer 11;

cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Pioneer%2011/Sol:Sa ... 20291&lm=0

The model and xyz orbit is availablehere.

However, I have had to rename the spacecraft from within the .ssc file, from Pioneer 11 to Pioneer11, otherwise when I try to give you the "cel://URL" link I get this result;

cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Pioneer 11/Sol:Saturn/1979-09-01T13:44:15.06042?x=M7VN4a8hzistDA&y=2/6YDp9EMSoF&z=J508wzzFBEDf/////////w&ow=-0.192448&ox=0.211388&oy=0.919406&oz=-0.270132&select=Sol:Pioneer 11&fov=90.053337&ts=100.000000&ltd=0&rf=82220291&lm=0

which doesn't work :?

regards,
TERRIER

PS Corrected top "cel//url" on 8 March so not to have bad link in this post.
Last edited by TERRIER on 08.03.2005, 19:19, edited 1 time in total.
1.6.0:AMDAth1.2GHz 1GbDDR266:Ge6200 256mbDDR250:WinXP-SP3:1280x1024x32FS:v196.21@AA4x:AF16x:IS=HQ:T.Buff=ON Earth16Kdds@15KkmArctic2000AD:FOV1:SPEC L5dds:NORM L5dxt5:CLOUD L5dds:
NIGHT L5dds:MOON L4dds:GALXY ON:MAG 15.2-SAP:TIME 1000x:RP=OGL2:10.3FPS

TERRIER
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Post #38by TERRIER » 07.03.2005, 17:56

After some advice (from Harald) the problem of the space in the name "Pioneer 11" can be overcome with the URL code for a space which is %20

Thus resulting in the following;

cel://PhaseLock/Sol:Pioneer%2011/Sol:Sa ... 20291&lm=0

So there's no need to change the .ssc file. :D

cheers,
TERRIER
1.6.0:AMDAth1.2GHz 1GbDDR266:Ge6200 256mbDDR250:WinXP-SP3:1280x1024x32FS:v196.21@AA4x:AF16x:IS=HQ:T.Buff=ON Earth16Kdds@15KkmArctic2000AD:FOV1:SPEC L5dds:NORM L5dxt5:CLOUD L5dds:
NIGHT L5dds:MOON L4dds:GALXY ON:MAG 15.2-SAP:TIME 1000x:RP=OGL2:10.3FPS

Hoover
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Post #39by Hoover » 07.03.2005, 18:29

Sweet! But I thought it passed through the rings for some reason. It looks like it stays underneath the rings. Maybe that was some other probe...

TERRIER
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Post #40by TERRIER » 07.03.2005, 19:03

Hoover,

I think you've got Cassini in mind when you say that it passed through the ring plane.

Pioneer 11 did fly under the rings.

Here's a snipet from the Pioneer Mission description at;
http://spaceprojects.arc.nasa.gov/Space ... 10&11.html

spaceprojects.arc.nasa.gov wrote:Looping high above the ecliptic plane and across the Solar System, Pioneer 11 raced toward its appointment with Saturn on 1 September 1979. Pioneer 11 flew to within 13,000 miles of Saturn and took the first close-up pictures of the planet. Instruments located two previously undiscovered small moons and an additional ring, charted Saturn's magnetosphere and magnetic field and found its planet-size moon, Titan, to be too cold for life. Hurtling underneath the ring plane, Pioneer 11 sent back amazing pictures of Saturn's rings. The rings, which normally seem bright when observed from Earth, appeared dark in the Pioneer pictures, and the dark gaps in the rings seen from Earth appeared as bright rings.


regards,
TERRIER
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