The movie got many things wrong, but the possibility of global warming causing an ice age is very much a real one.
When the last ice age drew to a close some eleven thousand years ago, the melting glaciers in North America created a large freshwater lake in Central Canada (Lake Aggiziz [sic?] ) This freshwater lake eventually drained into the Atlantic ocean by way of the Saint Lawrence seaway, dumping enough freshwater into the ocean to dilute it. This was enough to change the "Great Conveyor" or "Atlantic Conveyor" deep sea current, so that cold water stayed near the north pole, and warm water stayed near the tropics. The result was that the glaciers resurged, and over a few centuries, buried Northern Europe in ice.
Today, human accellerated global warming is gradually melting the icecaps, adding freshwater into the ocean, at a rate that may or may not be similar to the draining of Lake Aggiziz. If the ice is melting "fast" enough, it would add enough freshwater to disrupt the current again, and a small (between 500 and 1000 years) ice age would reign in Europe, North America, and probably chunks of Asia once again.
The big divergence between reality and the movie is, of course, the time it takes for this ice age to get going. In reality, we probably have between a few decades and a century before the glaciers get enough "steam" in their expansion to pose a threat to civilization, and even then, their expansion would be measured in kilometers per year, not per minute. In fact, during the "Little Ice Age" that lasted between 1560 and 1850, glacier surges were fast enough to terrify onlookers: The Mer de Glace on Mount Blanc was so frightening in its expansion that it was exorcised three times - once by the Bishop of Paris - to supposedly halt its spread!
Of course, a century-long buildup is too long for a movie, so Hollywood, being Hollywood, decided to ignore reality. They took the root cause, and exaggerated it so much, that if people were to raise the subject of global warming causing an ice age in serious discussion, they would not be taken seriously - not, that is, until food shortages and gradually dropping temperatures turn Canada and Europe into most undesireable areas of real-estate...
As for the flashfreezing that did in the Maritime Provinces (where I happen to live) and New England... nope, not possible. For it to get THAT cold THAT fast, you'd need several things to happen more or less all at once:
- The Sun would need to go out,
- The Earth's greenhouse layer would have to vanish instantly. In fact, we'd probably need to strip the entire planet's atmosphere away, which causes some more immediate concerns than freezing
,
- The Earth - ALL of the Earth - would have to get an aldebo of 1 (perfect reflector),
- And, the Earth's core would probably have to lose all or nearly all heat.
I think we're safe from becoming humansicles.