Hi,
to put it straight forward - sorry, no. There are a few programs beeing able to 'paint' on real 3d models, hence they should be able to do spheres.
But I haven't found a grfx plugin doing Mercator / simple cylindric projection and reverse. Some versions of The Gimp allow to distort a given image and that may be a base to start coding, but you'd probably need to know PERL.
Other than that there are several sites dealing with the theorhetical details of the process but nobody really released usefull code. If you can program you can try to search for the keywords 'Mercator / simple cylindric projection' and try to implement it. A lot of people would love that.
CU, Axel