Extrasolar Planets (updated catalogue)

[Sirius_Alpha]

01 October 2023
- 47 TESS candidate planets added (TOI-6645 through TOI-6689).
- 8 TESS candidate planets have been determined to be false positives since the last update and excluded.
- Added new TESS candidate planet in a known TOI system (TOI-4418).
- Updated HAT-P-2, GJ 9404, TOI-1408, AF Lep, TOI-1420, Kepler-105, TOI-858, TOI-199, GJ 9452.
- Added KMT-2021-BLG-1547L, Gaia22dkvL, HD 216530, KOI-7371, NGC 3680 41.

(Edit: re-uploaded after fixing a couple issues that were helpfully pointed out by SevenSpheres)

14,969 planets (+1 asteroid)
5598 confirmed.
9371 unconfirmed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

Happy Dinkinesh flyby, everyone.

In the May release of the exoplanet catalogue, I described some work that had been done sifting through transiting planet candidates from TESS and Kepler-K2 and seeing which of them lined up with Gaia DR3 NSS systems (or nearby eclipsing binary blends). This allowed for the ability to refute each of these candidates. That work has been completed and submitted as a paper submitted to arXiv this month. Our most important result was the discovery that the data that led to the discovery by Livingston (2018) of K2-256 b was actually caused by a nearby eclipsing binary blended with the star. And with that, the Celestia Community now finds itself taking a more active role in shaping this add-on and its contents.

I've become very busy with some things in "real life" and so I've been struggling to maintain this catalogue recently. It's likely to be better in January 2024. There was a paper presenting an updated Kepler planet catalogue (Lissauer, et al.), but I just haven't had time to fully update this addon with its contents. That will have to be deferred to when I have the time. The Kepler planets are in need of a lot of overhauling, and so hopefully that will get accomplished at some point in November. I hope everyone understands. So yes - Kepler-385 has a seventh planet candidate; no - you won't find it here.

05 November 2023
- 138 TESS candidate planets added (TOI-6689 through TOI-6827).
- 4 TESS candidate planets have been determined to be false positives since the last update and excluded.
- Added TOI-# ID for a known transiting planet detected by TESS (NGTS-14=TOI-6821).
- Added NGC 2632 KP 102662, NGC 2632 KP 103126, α Men, GJ 724, GJ 3988, OGLE-2014-BLG-0211L, Fomalhaut c.
- Updated Kepler-1513, HD 189733, TIC 172900988, TOI-5126, TOI-1801, TOI-2015, TOI-1266, TOI-2134, HD 175167, TOI-544, TOI-904, HD 152843, LHS 1140, TOI-5398, AC Her, Kepler-102, MOA-2008-BLG-379L, TOI-238, TOI-771, TOI-871, TOI-1467, TOI-1739, TOI-2068, TOI-4559, TOI-5799, XO-7.
- Removed HD 189247, HD 120894, HD 135723, K2-256,
- Updated radii of 109 Psc, HD 11964, 51 Peg, HD 217107, 4 UMa, 11 UMi, HD 32518 (thanks pedro_jg!).
- Fixed a problem where a given Epoch was not being interpreted as a transit time for planets discovered via transit.

15,106 planets (+1 asteroid)
5611 confirmed.
9495 unconfirmed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

The Kepler planetary systems have undergone an overhaul. The Kepler DR25 data was downloaded from the NASA Exoplanet Archive to serve as a base, and then updated periods and radii were added from Lissauer et al's work, and masses were updated where available from Judkovsky, et al's work. This is quite a large change to the catalogue so it's possible that there may be some unforseen issues but I've done what I can to limit that, including identifying all systems where KOI's were in multi-stellar systems and ensuring that the correct stars were updated with the correct parameters, etc. If anyone finds anything amiss, please let me know.

As a result of some work by Michel & Magrauer, many new stellar companions to planetary systems have been identified. The full list is here:

Spoiler

K2-206, K2-218, WASP-33, K2-175, HD 24085, K2-173, FU Tau, K2-102, K2-120, HD 86264, K2-36, K2-245, HATS-58, K2-247, HD 115954, K2-200, K2-197, HAT-P-44, HAT-P-18, WASP-163, HD 158038, WASP-153, Kepler-1445, Kepler-589, Kepler-185, Kepler-549, Kepler-1157, Kepler-1019, Kepler-55, Kepler-1482, Kepler-149, Kepler-25, Kepler-605, HATS-48, Kepler-626, Kepler-1035, Kepler-1513, Kepler-928, Kepler-1665, Kepler-1973, Kepler-808, Kepler-1197, Kepler-1058, Kepler-1087, Kepler-199, Kepler-181, Kepler-1079, Kepler-999, HD 202696, HD 210702, K2-54, K2-329, 1RXS J235133.3+312720, Qatar-3.

A six-planet system around the bright star HD 110067 with valuable opportunities for atmospheric characterization.

01 December 2023
- Added MOA-2019-BLG-421L, OGLE-2019-BLG-1180L, EPIC 211885995, EPIC 211922849, EPIC 212035441, EPIC 246711015.
- Updated Kepler-1516, HD 176051, TOI-4377, TOI-4551, TOI-2010, TOI-4515, WASP-107, TOI-732, 24 LMi, HD 110067.
- Removed KOI-1784, KOI-3787.
- Updated Kepler planets (see text).
- Added several stellar companions to known exoplanet hosts from Michel & Mugrauer (2023) (see text).
- Added 99 candidates from the OGLE-IV survey.
- Updated spin axis inclinations for several transiting planet host stars (Morgan (2023), thanks pedro_jg!).
- Fixed TOI-5799 alias (thanks DaveBowman!) and TOI-1266 d's semi-major axis (thanks Karistus_!).

15,266 planets (+1 asteroid)
5623 confirmed.
9643 unconfirmed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

I hope everyone had a good holiday season. Here's the next update to the exoplanet catalogue.

05 January 2024
- 32 TESS candidate planets added (TOI-6828 through TOI-6869).
Added WTS 19b1-02162, HD 112570, HD 154391, HIP 65426, SPECULOOS-3, OGLE-2017-BLG-0448L
- Updated Kepler-1625, Kepler-1708, TOI-4641, TOI-2373, TOI-2416, TOI-2524, Kepler-158, Kepler-963, Kepler-879, Kepler-1489, KOI-4978, GJ 367, 51 Eri.
- Removed HIP 104045 (original paper was withdrawn).
- Removed PSR J1953+1844, GJ 310.
- Added and updated planets from Weiss (2023).
- Fixed stellar architecture in HD 153557 (thanks pedro_jg!).

15,304 planets (+1 asteroid)
5645 confirmed.
9659 unconfirmed.

Edit: I've reuploaded this file due to a couple issues: missing scripts and a unit conversion bug that caused planets whose radii were estimated from transit depths to be unrealistic. Thank you to SevenSpheres for pointing these out.

[gironde]

Exoplanets_2024_01_05_Attempt2.zip

This update blocks the launch of Celestia. Loading stops or goes around in circles on .stc files
I had to go back to the previous update from December 2023.

[Sirius_Alpha]

Thank-you for mentioning this. The problem has been tracked down to a barycenter that didn't have coordinates or an "OrbitBarycenter" line. This issue has been fixed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

Special shout-out to Trolligi for digging through the literature and finding HE 1523-0901.

03 February 2024
- 26 TESS candidate planets added (TOI-6870 through TOI-6895).
- 25 TESS candidate planets have been determined to be false positives since the last update and excluded.
- Added new TESS candidate planets in a known TOI systems (TOI-761, TOI-6265, etc).
- Added TOI-# ID's for known transiting planets detected by TESS (K2-133 = TOI-6872, K2-403=TOI-6877).
- Added HE 1523-0901, SAO 206462, KMT-2016-BLG-2321L, MOA-2016-BLG-526L, OGLE-2016-BLG-1800L, OGLE-2016-BLG-1598L, KMT-2023-BLG-0416L, KMT-2023-BLG-1454L, KMT-2023-BLG-1642L, MOA-2022-BLG-563L, KMT-2023-BLG-0469L, KMT-2023-BLG-0735L, WD 1202-232, WD 2105-82.
- Added seven transiting planet candidates in the M4 cluster (Wallace (2020)), stellar companions to CoRoT-11, HAT-P-70, WASP-78, WASP-167 (Rice, et al).
- Updated HAT-P-19, HAT-P-51, HAT-P-55, HAT-P-56, TOI-1855, TOI-2107, TOI-2368, TOI-3321, TOI-3894, TOI-3919, TOI-4153, TOI-5232, TOI-5301, HD 63433, GJ 341, GJ 581, TIC 4672985, TOI-2529, TOI-2266, Wolf 327, K2-167, TOI-1710, TOI-815, LTT 9779, HD 118203, HD 134606, OGLE-2013-BLG-0132L, XO-2, and several long-period Kepler systems from Dalba (2024).
- Removed KOI-1225, KOI-6751, KOI-7259.

15,322 planets (+1 asteroid)
5674 confirmed.
9648 unconfirmed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

I decided to give planetary rotation periods another look. What I've been doing so far is assigning anything with an orbital period < 300 days a tidal equilibrium spin period. This is pretty blunt-force and I've known for a while it could be done better, and I wanted to implement a more tidally-driven model. I'm afraid I can't quite make sense of the tidal spin-down equations I've seen so far, but I've found some formulas on the worldbuildingpasta site that are pretty explicit.

An important consideration here is the system's age. I don't know the ages of many systems, and I've been assuming 5 Gyr for any system without a known age. This was driven by the need to have something other than zero for the internal heating contribution to the temperature/Sudarsky class. Maxine was helpful in guiding me to work by Hurley, et al. (2000) that provides an equation for the main sequence lifetime of a star as a function of its mass. So now I guesstimate the age of a system by taking its most massive star, finding the main sequence lifetime, and halving it. If the main sequence lifetime exceeds the age of the Universe, then I cap the guesstimated age at 7 Gyr.

Tidal dissipation factor estimates tend to be all over the place. I'm using values from Lainey (2016) and Polycarpe (2018) to build a step-function that roughly follows solar system worlds.
If the radius is < 2000, Q=37.5 (Lunar-like),
If the radius is < 5000, Q=99.5 (Mars-like),
If the radius is < 10000, Q=280 (Earth-like),
If the radius is < 35000, Q=500 (Uranus-like),
If the radius is < 65000, Q=1000 (Saturn-like),
If the radius is greater, then Q = 10^6 (Jupiter-like).
Definitely open to revising these numbers, but estimating Q appears to be a very challenging effort for giant planets especially with estimates for Jupiter being discrepant to a couple orders of magnitude.

If the age of the system exceeds the tidal synchronization time for the planet, it is left in the tidal equilibrium spin period. Otherwise, this all allows me to guesstimate spin periods for exoplanets using either the initial spin rate that was calculated as before for giant planets, or for a stand-in initial spin rate (V = 0.5 km/s) for terrestrial bodies (I'm well aware that this is, in reality, effectively stochastic).

01 March 2024
- 59 TESS candidate planets added (TOI-6896 through TOI-6956).
- 8 TESS candidate planets have been determined to be false positives since the last update and excluded.
- 13 Kepler-K2 candidate planets have been determined to be false positives since the last update and excluded (Lehmann & Vanderburg (2024)).
- Added HW Vir, OGLE-2023-BLG-0836L, V808 Aur, and several candidates from astrometry (Gratton, et al).
- Updated Teegarden's Star, TOI-238, TOI-1386, GJ 1214, TOI-1338, TOI-1751, TOI-677, TOI-1347, TOI-1199, TOI-1273, AF Lep, K2-106, ROXs 42B, ε CrB, Kepler-104, Kepler-323, TOI-1518, TOI-1135, TOI-2373, TOI-2416, TOI-2524, and numerous other TOI systems.

15,378 planets (+1 asteroid)
5690 confirmed.
9688 unconfirmed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

The previous version suffered from some issues due to the rewriting of the tidal model for the rotation periods. I've attempted to fix these. I've also completed adding the PHOI (Planet Hunters Object of Interest) designations from Schmitt (2016),. Before, only K2-55 b (PHOI-3 b) had this identifier. I've also adopted impact parameters for some unconfirmed K2 planets from that paper and updated LHS 1678.

15,378 planets (+1 asteroid)
5691 confirmed.
9687 unconfirmed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

03 April 2024
- 9 TESS candidate planets added (TOI-6957 through TOI-6960).
- Added new TESS candidate planets in known TOI systems (TOI-1224, TOI-2227, etc).
- Updated WASP-12, Kepler-488, HAT-P-11, TOI-4438, TOI-1224, TOI-270, KOI-1271, CI Tau, HD 77946, PDS 70, TOI-1173, MOA-2007-BLG-192L, TOI-4987, HD 15337, HD 104067, WASP-167, TOI-776.
- Added PSR J1928+1245, PSR J0312–0921, HS Psc, NGC 2682 SAND 1429, TIC 434398831, TIC 150070085, TIC 88785435, HIP 39017, M62H.
- Updated spin-orbit alignments of some WASP systems (Zak, et al.)
- Removed several duplicate names and fixed circumbinary planet naming in trinary+ systems (thanks, ajtribick, SevenSpheres.
- Re-implemented tidally distorted short-period planets (this functionality didn't survive the code rewrite last year).

15,410 planets (+1 asteroid)
5701 confirmed.
9709 unconfirmed.

Edit: Replaced file to fix another name duplicate.

[Sirius_Alpha]

03 May 2024
- 11 TESS candidate planets added (TOI-6961 through TOI-6975).
- 6 TESS candidate planets have been determined to be false positives since the last update and excluded.
- Added 3 new TESS candidate planets in a known TOI system (TOI-5624).
- Added TOI-# ID's for known transiting planets detected by TESS (K2-79 = TOI-6962, K2-108=TOI-6967).
- Added GJ 65 b (unconfirmed), XTE J1710-281.
- Updated HD 46375, GJ 667, K2-25, TOI-4862, TOI-5128, TOI-5126, WASP-94, K2-33, TOI-421, TOI-4366, TOI-837, TOI-1338.
- Removed Gaia-ASOI-5, SDSS J122859.93+104032.9.
- Improved white dwarf spectral typing.

15,429 planets.
5699 confirmed.
9730 unconfirmed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

01 Jun 2024
- 51 TESS candidate planets added (TOI-6978 through TOI-7031).
- 6 TESS candidate planets have been determined to be false positives since the last update and excluded.
- Added 2 new TESS candidate planets in a known TOI system (TOI-173, 218).
- Added HT Cas, NGTS-26, NGTS-27, KMT-2023-BLG-1866L, Gaia20aea, GJ 900.
- Added 27 non-transiting hot Jupiters candidates from TESS (Cullen & Bayliss, 2024).
- Updated NGTS-29, TOI-1450, Kepler-511, HD 110067, TOI-1437, TOI-782, TOI-1448, TOI-2120, TOI-2406, GJ 12, κ And, TOI-178, TOI-6883, GJ 238, HD 5608, 7 CMa, HD 33844, HD 121056, TOI-5076, WASP-77, Gaia22dkvL.
- Updated several TESS planets from Polanski, et al.
- Updated Kepler-47 system parameters from (Orsoz, et al (2019).
- Corrected the mass of FU Tau b.

15,506 planets.
5745 confirmed.
9761 unconfirmed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

Apologies on the delay. I've been rather busy.

06 Jul 2024
- Updated HD 142250, TOI-1173, HD 94834, HD 150010, TOI-849, HD 219018, HD 217596, WASP-107, TOI-1685, GJ 436, TOI-2445, GJ 3470, AF Lep, GJ 3470, TOI-1244, GJ 1008, TOI-286, L 168-9, WASP-178, HD 21520, TOI-4201, TOI-2374, TOI-3071, WASP-132, K2-138, HAT-P-57, HATS-38, WASP-139, HD 42813.
- Added GJ 1289, GJ 3378, KMT-2020-BLG-0757L, KMT-2022-BLG-0732L, KMT-2022-BLG-1787L, KMT-2022-BLG-1852L, KMT-2017-BLG-0849L, KMT-2017-BLG-1057L, OGLE-2017-BLG-0364L, KMT-2017-BLG-2331L, several short-period M dwarf planet candidates from TESS FFIs.
- Added 36 stellar companions to Kepler systems from Hirsch (2017).
- Removed HD 290123 (Gaia SB), HD 220773.
- Removed Chang 134 (not a transiting brown dwarf).

15,527 planets.
5764 confirmed.
9763 unconfirmed.

[Art Blos]

I discovered that stars with confirmed exoplanets, such as 82 Eri, Barnard's Star, Ross 128, TAU Cet, YZ Cet and some more, have disappeared from the base. Of course, these stars are already in Celestia by default. However, I ask that the full code of ANY star be included in the database if it has a confirmed or unconfirmed planets. The default code may be deprecated or (as is the case with CO) may be removed altogether in favor of your database.

Another problem arises here: if the existence of a planet is refuted, the star removes with the planet. In this case, the star itself can be unique and not appear in any other add-on.

You can create an additional stc-file that will include the code of all stars that were once suspected of having a planet. And also a new category of markers. This way the objects will not be permanently destroyed. Moreover, very often planets are rediscovered again near the same stars.

[Gurren Lagann]

I discovered that stars with confirmed exoplanets, such as 82 Eri, Barnard's Star, Ross 128, TAU Cet, YZ Cet and some more,

Well...
- 82 Eri is still here.
- Barnard's Star b was disproven. c is unconfirmed.
- Ross 128 is still here.
- Tau Ceti is... complicated. Currently all planet candidates are either unconfirmed or disproven.
- YZ Ceti is still here.

A thing i've noticed is that all examples you listed are within 10 pc, so I presume that its because the stc file doesn't include parent stars within 10 pc, as those are already in nearstars.stc, and this is the preference adopted by the catalog. The planets thenselves are in the .ssc files.

[Art Blos]

Barnard's Star b was disproven. c is unconfirmed.

I know. And we almost completely lost it, because we had previously removed it from nearstars.stc. And this is just one of many examples.

82 Eri is still here.

Ross 128 is still here.

YZ Ceti is still here.

These stars are not in the file extrasolar.stc. The parameters of these stars are now taken from the original Celestia, in which they may be outdated or absent altogether (as in our case).

A thing i've noticed is that all examples you listed are within 10 pc, so I presume that its because the stc file doesn't include parent stars within 10 pc, as those are already in nearstars.stc, and this is the preference adopted by the catalog. The planets thenselves are in the .ssc files.

Sirius_Alpha makes it possible to upgrade the parameters of all stars that have (or presumably have) exoplanets. Therefore, all stars that are lucky enough to be included in its database must remain there forever, regardless of their presence in the original simulator, their distance from Earth, or the real existence of a planetary system. If the planet is not confirmed, the star should not be removed.

[Sirius_Alpha]

Certainly there are issues where stars within 25 LY (i.e., in the purview of nearstars.stc) that are outdated. I could attempt to update these stars in extrasolar.stc but due to Celestia's file load order, nearstars.stc will be read after extrasolar.stc, so it won't end up making a difference. As far as I know, stars in nearstars.stc are not removed when they are known to have planets, and I am not the one who works on or updates nearstars.stc.

As a result, rather than risking duplicating stars in nearstars.stc (some of which lack HIP or TYC identifiers), I simply don't include them in extrasolar.stc file.

Therefore, all stars that are lucky enough to be included in its database must remain there forever, regardless of the presence in the original simulator, their distance from Earth, or the real existence of a planetary system

Why?

Here's the current logic tree:
- If a confirmed planet is "disproven" such that the object that was thought to be a planet is real, just not planetary, then I'll include it in the catalogue. This is mostly RV-detected candidates with true masses that push it into the (sub)stellar mass regime.
- If an unconfirmed planet is disproven (e.g., turned out to be an eclipsing binary, instrumental effect, etc), then it's removed from the catalogue altogether. If the system is multi-stellar, it gets sent over to stars_binary.stc. If it's a single-star system, I'll leave it in my notes to avoid future confusion and it gets compiled into an unreleased file I have called stars_single.stc.

Since extrasolar.stc is part of the default distribution of Celestia, I don't know how much sense it makes to include every star that has disproven candidate planets. Many of the KOI and TOI eclipsing binary systems would be included in here as a result, inflating somewhat the scope of this project. Recall that since this is in the default Celestia distribution, I make an effort to keep it up to date with literature. Throwing thousands of new systems on that workload is something I would need a pretty convincing argument for, especially when I already devote several hours to this project on a nearly daily basis. Do you have one?

[Art Blos]

I could attempt to update these stars in extrasolar.stc but due to Celestia's file load order, nearstars.stc will be read after extrasolar.stc, so it won't end up making a difference.

In Celestia Origin this problem is solved simply (more precisely, it will be solved in tomorrow's release): numbering stc-files in strict sequence. If your database was created specifically for the original Celestia 1.7.0, then the option of numbering all star files in the simulator is the most reasonable (this is worth suggesting to developers).

On the other side, the database can be downloaded and installed by anyone and for any purpose. The main problem with your base is that it is not fully self-sufficient. You cannot know in advance which version/compilation/collection of the Celestia this database will be implemented into. There is no point in relying on default code availability and quality; you must have your own and in full. That’s why I asked to include the "Replace" parameter for the CO version, and recommended doing this in the public release. This tactic completely eliminates the possibility of duplicates, no matter where the database is installed. And in order not to disturb the loading order, you should simply recommend putting everything in the "extras" folder.

If the system is multi-stellar, it gets sent over to stars_binary.stc. If it's a single-star system, I'll leave it in my notes to avoid future confusion and it gets compiled into an unreleased file I have called stars_single.stc.

So this is wonderful! This means that single stars that have “lost” planets do not disappear completely. Publish all files! For the sake of obtaining objects (often not found anywhere else) and with the most current parameters.

Throwing thousands of new systems on that workload is something I would need a pretty convincing argument for, especially when I already devote several hours to this project on a nearly daily basis. Do you have one?

I believe that sooner or later at least one confirmed exoplanet will be found around almost every star, and the question will disappear by itself. The number of exoplanet systems will no longer be in the thousands, but in the millions. Now ask yourself the question: until when will you implement everything into the database without exception? And if exceptions are introduced, then by what criteria? These questions do not relate specifically to my claims, but I got curious.

[Sirius_Alpha]

This means that single stars that have “lost” planets do not disappear completely. Publish all files!

I used to just delete the file if a planet was disproven, as recently as ~three years ago. So I'm missing some false-positive TOI systems, for example. So even this would not be complete. There's also some issues with some of the single-star systems being duplicated because they're missing HIP/TYC ID's. It's some work that could be done but it's clearly a low priority.

until when will you implement everything into the database without exception? And if exceptions are introduced, then by what criteria?

This is something I've pondered over the last few years. Gaia is expected to find tens of thousands of planets. NGRST is likely to produce a hundred thousand planet candidates by itself. You're absolutely right - at some point it's going to be unfeasible to continue to maintain this project at the same level of completeness. Not just because of human time constraints but also because of limitations of Celestia - loading times, etc, though perhaps the continued development of both Celestia and computers may help Celestia keep ahead of this problem.

[Art Blos]

I used to just delete the file if a planet was disproven, as recently as ~three years ago. So I'm missing some false-positive TOI systems, for example. So even this would not be complete. There's also some issues with some of the single-star systems being duplicated because they're missing HIP/TYC ID's. It's some work that could be done but it's clearly a low priority.

Okay, I propose a compromise. Leave at least stars from the catalogs HIP/TYC for me personally. When I ask for a new version of the database for my project, I will absolutely need this file.